Hi Tom,
I am looking at Chrome Developer Tools – Network view.
The top picture was taken when running in full screen mode. As you can see, images where I explicitly use srcset (in yellow) use large size (1024 width) and size in KB is reflected as large. See img_GM_11 (in red). This is the featured image. It is 696KB.
The bottom picture was taken when running within Iphone7 emulation. Images in yellow are smaller size, but image in red “img_GM_11” my header is still 696 KB.
I would expect the browser choosing a smaller version of the featured image for iPhone7.