I’m using the blog post excerpt format on the home page of my blog, with a featured image, but I noticed on the single post pages, the featured image will no longer show the caption with it. Is there any way to fix this? Thanks!
I think this is still the only way to do it unless WordPress decides to make changes that allow caption on featured image.
However, instead of using the CSS Tom provided above, you can use the customizer settings now. Customizer > Layout > Page Header > Single Post Header Location > Hide.