Hi Bernhard,
You can use thedynamic image block
to insert the featured image, or simplify set a background image for the container block on the right side, set it to featured image.
Dynamic blocks: https://docs.generatepress.com/article/dynamic-blocks/
Use background image as featured image tutorial video, you can start watch from 1:50:
https://youtu.be/yq6VcgU3Ufg
The background image can only add dynamic link to the post of post meta.
The dynamic image block allows you to add link to the single post or to a custom field, you can use a custom field to store the URL of the image.
Let me know if you need further assistance π