This is a small development env I made offline – no online version available.
Lucky enough I managed to find some clues. The main issue was somehow related to the posts I imported directly into WP. Just a simple import from another website. When I deleted them the layout got better – everything was correct except column view – it got disabled. I managed to find a workaround by adding filter on the generate_blog_columns in functions.php file. Not sure if that’s the right way, but it worked for me.