I have set up padding (left, right) for a single post, and this setting affects posts in different blog categories.
Is it possible to have different padding set up for specific blog categories?
On the Content tab, you can set the Container Area to Full Width or Contained to remove the themes padding.
Then just set the Display Rules for the locations you want it applied eg. Post Category -> Your Category Term
The blog, and any page post or archive that has not had a Full Width/Contained Layout element applied to it will get its padding from the Customizer > Layout > Container -> Padding, theres an option for Desktop and Mobile