Amazon associate links now displaying code & broken images on my site.

I've been placing Amazon images and hyperlinks on my site for the better part of 5 years without issue.

Two to three weeks ago, I noticed some code that shouldn't be displayed is now showing to the reader. This happened site-wide on all old and new links.

An example here next to the Enough book image.

Code displaying for the world to see is a small broken image followed by "ir?t=ph0c43 20&l=li1&o=1&a=0470524235"

The full html of the Amazon image / link is:

<a href="http://amzn.to/1pEBPrQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Enough</a> </strong>also happens to be the title of a library book I just finished by John C. Bogle of Vanguard fame. From the Introduction:<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Enough-True-Measures-Money-Business/dp/0470524235/ref=as_li_ss_il?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1459130898&sr=1-1&keywords=enough+john+bogle&linkCode=li1&tag=ph0c43-20&linkId=b1f920bcd3ae3cfc9d1e870a644cfc62" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&ASIN=0470524235&Format=_SL110_&ID=AsinImage&MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&WS=1&tag=ph0c43-20" alt="" width="74" height="110" border="0" /></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=ph0c43-20&l=li1&o=1&a=0470524235" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0" />

Deleting the last part () would solve the issue, but that would require someone to go in and edit hundreds of articles.

Again, I've been using these links for years, and this issue just came up on every Amazon link throughout the site.

Any insight is much appreciated!