The customizer option applies for the entire site, I would recommend you set around 40px at customizer > layout > container > content padding.
Then add this CSS to modify the paddings around the posts on blog and archive pages.
.generate-columns .inside-article {
padding: 30px 10px 5px 10px;
}
The 4 values are presenting top/right/bottom/left paddings around the post, please refer to the screenshot below:
https://www.screencast.com/t/lQoB5e4VqeJ