I have searched the forum but haven’t been able to find discussion on this particular issue. I have sections enabled and they are working fine on regular pages and single posts. However they do not appear on the blog/post index page.
Is there some additional setting to enable sections here as well? I also do not want to use a side bar.
first the sidebar you can remove this from the blog via the Customizer > Layout > Sidebars > Blog Layout Sidebar.
Sections cannot be used on a blog / archive page as it not like a normal post type, there is no Content area to be filled. What are you wanting to add or do to the blog page?